Adaptive immune pulses
For example, the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin LL-37 can activate dendritic cells, triggering adaptive immune processes. After activation, dendritic cells release TNF-α and IL-23 in particular.
The release of IL-23 promotes the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th17 cells, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Upon activation, Th17 cells produce various proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, and TNF-α.